Prefix lengths (especially IPv6 /64) are most common for IPv6. Typically, your computer will compare 192.168.1.103 and the size of your network, which is specified by the prefix length (e.g., IPv4 /24). This could be UDP port 53 traffic (DNS), but I will instead use ICMP (ping) as an example. I'm using the term "layer" consistently with what is described by the "OSI Model", which tends to get taught in a lot of professional-level networking classes/training. The packets tend to contain TCP segments or UDP datagrams, which are layer 4 traffic. (Probably not in that order.) These packets are considered Layer 3 traffic. The most common types of packets these days are IPv6 and IPv4. The most common ways that frames get delivered are by using Ethernet (over UTP copper cabling) or Wi-Fi.įrames tend to contain packets. (Layer 1 focuses on physical connections, like cables or antennas and airwaves.) Frames are delivered to MAC-48 addresses (also known as EIU-48 addresses, and much more commonly just called "MAC addresses"). These frames are called "Layer 2" traffic. When you computer sends network traffic, it is likely sending "frames" of network traffic. Routing is typically designed to make sure that traffic gets from one network (often called a "subnetwork", or "subnet") to another network. That is much better than not knowing these details. If this stuff gets learned, then at least if we try something crazy, we will understand that what we are trying is crazy, and will be mentally prepared for the types of obstacles we are trying to face. And it is best to think of simple/traditional routing as a separate process, because that is a much simpler way to think about it.)īefore looking at changing stuff like addresses, let's make sure there's a thorough understanding of how stuff actually works, so that we don't try to do something that will violate common network design rules (and which will probably be rejected by a majority of hardware and software that typically implements those rules). However, if you want to learn how to do something, you should be trying to keep things simple. And NAT can be performed while routing gets applied. Routing doesn't change network addresses. Before implementing any of this, it would be really helpful to know just what routing actually does.
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